What should you do if you suspect methanol poisoning?

What is Methanol Poisoning?

Methanol poisoning is a serious medical condition that occurs when methanol, a toxic alcohol, is ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin. Methanol is commonly found in antifreeze, solvents, and as a fuel. Unlike ethanol, methanol is not safe for consumption and can be extremely harmful if ingested. When metabolized by the liver, methanol is converted into formaldehyde and formic acid, which can cause metabolic acidosis and damage to the optic nerve, potentially leading to blindness or death.

Recognising Symptoms of Methanol Poisoning

It is crucial to recognize the symptoms of methanol poisoning early, as timely medical intervention is vital. In the initial phase, symptoms may be mild and mimic alcohol intoxication, including nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, and abdominal pain. As methanol is metabolized, more severe symptoms may develop, such as difficulty breathing, blurred vision, blindness, seizures, and loss of consciousness. If you suspect someone has been exposed to methanol and exhibits these symptoms, it is essential to act swiftly.

Immediate Actions to Take

If you suspect methanol poisoning, take the following immediate actions. First, call the emergency services by dialling 999 for an ambulance. The person needs urgent medical evaluation and treatment. If you are trained to do so, and the person is conscious, inducing vomiting may be recommended, but only if advised by medical professionals over the phone. Keep the person calm and in a well-ventilated area to prevent further exposure to methanol vapour. Do not give them anything to eat or drink unless instructed by a healthcare provider.

Medical Treatment for Methanol Poisoning

Hospital treatment for methanol poisoning typically involves the administration of an antidote, such as fomepizole or ethanol, which helps to prevent the conversion of methanol to toxic metabolites. Activated charcoal may also be given to limit absorption if ingestion was recent. In severe cases, dialysis may be required to remove methanol and its metabolites from the bloodstream. Treatment aims to correct metabolic acidosis and prevent complications, including vision loss and organ failure.

Preventing Methanol Poisoning

To prevent methanol poisoning, ensure that products containing methanol are kept out of reach of children and are clearly labelled. Never consume alcohol from unregulated sources, as it may contain methanol as an adulterant. Additionally, when using products containing methanol, ensure adequate ventilation and follow safety guidelines to avoid inhalation or skin absorption.

Conclusion

Methanol poisoning is a medical emergency that requires prompt attention. Recognizing the symptoms and knowing how to respond can significantly impact outcomes. If in doubt, always err on the side of caution and seek immediate medical help. Awareness and prevention are key to avoiding the potential risks associated with methanol exposure.